/* Reading layouts for the research archive; existing stage and Bio styles are unchanged. */
html[lang="en"] [data-research-lang="zh"],
html[lang="zh-CN"] [data-research-lang="en"]{display:none}
.research-article{max-width:1180px;overflow:visible}
.research-article>.page-heading{max-width:820px;margin:0 auto;padding-top:30px;padding-bottom:36px}
.research-article>.breadcrumb{margin-left:max(0px,calc((100% - 820px)/2))}
.research-article .page-heading h1{font-size:43px;line-height:1.38;letter-spacing:-.4px;max-width:850px}
.research-article .page-heading .eyebrow{font-size:11px;letter-spacing:1.5px;line-height:1.8;margin-bottom:22px}
.research-byline{font-size:12px;line-height:1.85;color:var(--muted)}
.research-reading{max-width:820px;margin-inline:auto;font-size:17.5px;line-height:1.78;overflow-wrap:break-word}
.research-reading p{margin:0 0 27px}
.research-reading strong{font-weight:500;color:#ddc899}
.research-reading h2{font-size:28px;line-height:1.5;margin:56px 0 26px;scroll-margin-top:35px}
.research-reading h3{font-size:23px;line-height:1.6;margin:35px 0 19px}
.research-reading em{font-style:italic}
.research-reading math{font-family:Georgia,serif;font-size:1.1em}
.article-contents{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;justify-content:flex-start;gap:12px 26px;margin:0 0 40px;padding:0 0 25px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);font-size:11px;line-height:1.9;letter-spacing:0}
.article-contents a{color:var(--muted);text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:5px;text-decoration-color:var(--line)}
.article-contents a:hover{color:var(--gold)}
.research-hub>.page-heading{padding-bottom:22px}
.research-introduction{max-width:900px;margin:0;padding-bottom:25px}
.research-project-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr));gap:18px 65px;margin:25px 0 0}
.research-project{display:flex;align-items:flex-start;gap:22px;justify-content:space-between;padding:30px 0 35px;border-top:1px solid var(--line)}
.research-project h2,.research-project h3{font-size:26px;line-height:1.5;margin:0 0 12px}
.research-project>span{color:var(--gold);font-size:21px;line-height:1.6}
.research-project-subtitle{font-size:13px;line-height:1.8;color:var(--gold);margin-bottom:16px}
.research-project-summary{font-size:14px;line-height:1.85;color:var(--text)}
.research-project:hover h2,.research-project:hover h3{color:#f1dcae}
.academic-background{margin:45px 0 0;padding-top:34px;border-top:1px solid var(--line);font-size:15px;line-height:1.9}
.research-documentation{max-width:820px;margin:55px auto 0;padding-top:22px;border-top:1px solid var(--line);font-size:12px;line-height:1.9;color:var(--muted)}
.research-documentation a{text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:4px}
.research-documentation strong{font-weight:500}
.research-figure{margin:38px 0 42px}
.research-figure img{width:100%;height:auto}
.research-figure figcaption{font-size:11px;line-height:1.85;max-width:750px;margin-top:15px}
.project-abstracts,.manuscript-section{margin-top:65px;padding-top:8px;border-top:1px solid var(--line);scroll-margin-top:35px}
.project-abstracts>h2,.manuscript-section>h2{margin-top:30px}
.abstract-attribution,.manuscript-context{font-size:13px;line-height:1.9;color:var(--muted)}
.project-abstracts section{margin-top:32px}
.abstract-keywords{font-size:13px}
.retained-reference{margin-top:48px}
.retained-reference .project-reference{margin:0}
.retained-reference .quiet{margin-top:12px}
.manuscript-author{font-size:14px;color:var(--gold);margin-top:28px!important}
.original-manuscript{font-family:'PingFang SC','Microsoft YaHei','Noto Sans CJK SC',sans-serif;font-size:17px;line-height:1.95;color:var(--text)}
.original-manuscript .manuscript-title{font-size:24px;line-height:1.65;color:var(--gold);margin:0 0 8px;letter-spacing:.2px}
.original-manuscript .manuscript-title+p:not(.manuscript-title){margin-top:35px}
.original-manuscript h3{font-family:inherit;font-size:21px;font-weight:500;margin:38px 0 22px}
.original-manuscript p{white-space:pre-wrap}
.original-manuscript sub,.original-manuscript sup{font-size:.72em;line-height:0}
.original-manuscript .manuscript-formula{display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;width:auto;max-width:100%;height:auto;margin:3px 7px 3px 0;filter:invert(1) sepia(.4) saturate(1.1) brightness(.85);mix-blend-mode:screen}
.original-manuscript img{display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;max-width:100%;height:auto}
.original-manuscript .source-equation{font-size:1.07em;margin:4px 6px 4px 0;vertical-align:middle;color:var(--gold)}
.source-equation mtext{font-family:'PingFang SC','Microsoft YaHei',sans-serif;font-style:normal}
.formula-source-previews{margin-top:35px;font-size:12px;color:var(--muted)}
.formula-preview-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr));gap:22px;margin-top:20px}
.formula-preview-grid figure{margin:0;padding:12px 0}
.formula-preview-grid img{max-width:100%;height:auto;filter:invert(1) sepia(.4) saturate(1.1) brightness(.85);mix-blend-mode:screen}
.formula-preview-grid figcaption{font-size:10px;margin-top:8px}
.manuscript-copyright{margin-top:40px;padding-top:24px;border-top:1px solid var(--line);font-size:12px;line-height:1.9}
.manuscript-copyright p{margin-bottom:8px}
#portfolio .research-project-grid{gap:0 55px}
#portfolio .research-project h3{font-size:24px}
#portfolio .research-project-subtitle{margin:0;color:var(--muted);font-size:12px}
@media(max-width:1050px){.research-project-grid{gap:10px 38px}.research-project h2,.research-project h3{font-size:23px}.research-article .page-heading h1{font-size:38px}}
@media(max-width:650px){
 .research-article .page-heading h1{font-size:31px;line-height:1.45;letter-spacing:-.15px}
 .research-article>.page-heading{padding-top:24px;padding-bottom:30px}
 .research-article>.breadcrumb{margin-top:28px}
 .research-article .page-heading .eyebrow{font-size:10px;letter-spacing:1px;margin-bottom:19px}
 .research-byline{font-size:11px}
 .research-reading{font-size:17px;line-height:1.82}
 .research-reading p{margin-bottom:25px}
 .research-reading h2{font-size:24px;line-height:1.55;margin:42px 0 23px}
 .research-reading h3{font-size:21px}
 .article-contents{font-size:11px;gap:11px 22px;margin-bottom:30px;padding-bottom:22px;white-space:normal;overflow:visible}
 .research-project-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:0;margin-top:18px}
 .research-project{padding:26px 0 30px;gap:16px}
 .research-project h2,.research-project h3{font-size:24px}
 .research-project-subtitle{font-size:12px;margin-bottom:13px}
 .research-project-summary{font-size:14px}
 .academic-background{font-size:14px;margin-top:24px;padding-top:25px}
 .research-documentation{font-size:12px;margin-top:42px}
 .research-figure{margin:30px 0 34px}
 .research-figure figcaption{font-size:10px}
 .project-abstracts,.manuscript-section{margin-top:50px}
 .abstract-attribution,.manuscript-context{font-size:12px}
 .original-manuscript{font-size:17px;line-height:1.95}
 .original-manuscript .manuscript-title{font-size:21px}
 .original-manuscript h3{font-size:20px}
 .formula-preview-grid{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr));gap:12px}
 #portfolio .research-project-grid{gap:0}
}
@media print{.research-reading{font-size:11pt;max-width:none;color:#000}.research-article .page-heading h1{font-size:25pt}.research-figure{break-inside:avoid}.article-contents{display:none}.original-manuscript{font-size:11pt;color:#000}.research-reading strong{color:#000}}